The compatibility of education and the Islamic faith is clearly elucidated in the holy Quran, “Read, in the name of God, who created man from a clot of blood. Read in the name of God, who is generous and taught man by the pen what he knew not’’ [Surat Al-Alaqvs 1-5], were the beautiful words of God as first delivered by Arch Angel Gabriel to forty year old Muhammad, the son of Abdullah, who was meditating in a cave on mount Hirah on the outskirts of the Arab city of Mecca in 610 AD. The most fundamental tool of learning, the pen is clearly mentioned in the very first revelation to the Holy Prophet Muhammad PBUH. Of significance is also the emphasis on reading as ‘’Read’’ was the very first word that was revealed to the unlettered Prophet. In this verse, Allah SWT is portrayed as a teacher who generously taught mankind by the pen to rid the world of ignorance. Reading, teaching and writing are all processes of education. Therefore, Allah SWT has established fundamentally by his first revealed words to his apostle and messenger Muhammad PBUH, education as the basis of faith and human existence. The difference between believers [Jews, Christians and Muslims] and unbelievers is that the former attributes all knowledge to God and acknowledges him as the architect of the universe, while the former does not.
Throughout the history of the Muslim world, beginning from the era of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH through the period of the Rashidun and non-Rashidun Caliphacy into the contemporary times of modern independent Muslim nation states of the Middle-East, North Africa, Turkey and the Balkans, there has never been a conflict between faith and education. The Muslim world was renowned throughout history as a leading light in rapid advancement in the improvement of all aspects of life through education. Practical application of knowledge in the day to day life of the Muslim community of Medina under the leadership of the Holy Prophet Muhammad is best recorded in history when the services of a highly educated Persian strategist, Salman al-Farsi was engaged in various aspects of administration and defence of the emerging state. He was clearly distinguished for his military advice in what is recorded as the Battle of the Trench, which turned the tide of imminent defeat to a decisive victory for the Muslim state of Medina against a mammoth coalition of enemies who wanted to destroy the fledgling state. Similarly, in 651AD when the Muslim army under the command of Amir-al Mumineen, Umar IbnKhattab conquered theSasanian Empire of Persia, they did not destroy its ancient civilization. The conquest of Persia triggered the first Arab-Muslim renaissance. The Arabs realized their own backward culture as compared to Persia, which was one of the greatest ancient civilizations. The conqueror would learn from the conquered. The advanced iron smelting skills of Persian blacksmiths were deployed to make the Muslim army the most sophisticatedly equipped in the contemporary world. The conquest of the vast Persian empire and the mass incorporation of the non-Arab world into the rapidly expanding Muslim statewas the beginning of the golden age of Muslim history; an age where centres of learning throughout the Islamic world from Damascus to Baghdad and Andalusia [Muslim Spain] flourished in the splendour of education. These centres were relatively open societies and hubs of learning, attracting scholars of all religious faiths and races from all over the known world. Knowledge and learning was the yardstick and there was generally no discrimination of scholars based on religion or race and their works were similarly not limited in application. With the inauguration of the house of wisdom by Abbasid Caliph Harun al-Rashid in the 8th century, where important Hellenistic works of Aristotle and Socrates were studied and revised and translated into Arabic and later Latin, which formed the basis of European philosophy, the Muslim world will go on to make invaluable contributions to universal education in all fields of study through the efforts IbnSina and IbnRashd.
In contemporary times, leading Muslim countries like Saudi Arabia, Iran and Turkey, have continued the legacy of pursuit of knowledge as a means of improvement in the quality of life in all aspects. For these countries, the Islamic faith is not conflicting with education but perfectly compatible and seamlessly complimentary because education is neither Western nor Christian but universal. Realizing the universal nature of education, these Muslim countries are not limited in their socio-economic development by embracing useful knowledge in public/business administration, art, science and technology from all parts of the world. The literacy rate in the world’s most ultra conservative Muslim state, Saudi Arabia is put at 75 per cent .The direct result of this educated population is a country whose resources are efficiently managed for the benefit of all its citizens. Today, Saudi Arabia is an affluent state with a per capita income of about 55,000 USD with life expectancy put at age 80.Saudi Arabia ranks very high on Human Development Index HDI at 39TH position.The quality of Saudi human resources and sound management capabilities has imparted positively in matters of faith. Low crime rate and a high moral uprightness in obedience to Allah SWT is a common feature of the Saudi society. Also, the Saudi government has been able to organize and efficiently manage the yearly pilgrimage by Muslims from every part of the globe to Mecca and Medina, thereby making the Hajj, which is one of the pillars of Islam easy and spiritually fulfilling for the global Muslim community. The annual ritual of Hajj is the largest gathering of mankind in a specific geographic space. This comes with enormous challenges in managing such large mass of people. Thanks to technology, the Saudi government has been able contain with a measure of reasonable success the challenges posed on each occasion.
However, the case among some Nigerian Muslims and in particular among a broad section of the North of the country is markedly different. The violent Boko Haram insurgency that seeks to destroy all vestiges of Western influence in Nigeria is as a result of a pre-existing anti-Western education and culture because of the Judeo-Christian heritage of the Western world. This impression of education being a Judeo-Christian Western exclusive preserve, has led to a total rejection ofenlightenment and modernity. When education was eventually accepted, it was with reluctance and deep reservations. The quality of education in the North was considerably watered down on the basis of a compromise arising from the insistence on a curricular that will fuse Islamic and Western education by the Northern leadership establishment.
Whereas Islam is a faith, education is neither Islamic nor Judeo-Christian. Education is a universal knowledge that God the creator endowed mankind with. Western education is in reality, a hybridization of earlier knowledge from all ancient and modern civilizations. Beginning with the Hellenistic influence of Rome to the early developments of mathematical concepts from the Indus valley civilization and the later influence of Muslim scholars of the golden Age who translated works of earlier civilizations into Arabic and subsequently into Latin for Western European benefit, the process of universal contribution to education continues to this day.
That the West introduced universal education to Nigeria and continues to lead the way does not make it a wholly Judeo-Christian Western heritage. This is so because what is generally referred to as Western civilization is a product of a society that has embraced pluralism and racial diversity to the extent that the West today is a microcosm of the entire universe domiciled within a geographic space. The openness of Western societies, much like the Muslim societies of the golden age, makes it possible for the diffusion of knowledge from the four corners of the globe towards the Western hemisphere. The best of Arabs, Persians, Asians, Africans and Indians are not in their continents of origin but in the West, where their talents are nurtured to fruition for the prosperous benefits of the Western world. Western civilization through education is actually a collection of the best of universal values, norms and learning, which should be embraced by all without reservations arising from religious sentiments or prejudice.Clearly, the brand of Islam practiced in northern Nigeria that holds back universal education because it is perceived as Western has no parallel in Islamic history. Boko Haram is un-Islamic but only a unique Muslim belief peculiar to northern Nigeria. By embracing education, northern Nigerian Muslims are not accepting a Western invention but a universal God given embodiment of knowledge that was enriched and still being advanced by Muslim scholars throughout the ages.
